Persepsi Masyarakat Terhadap Orang dengan Gangguan Jiwa: Pengalaman dari Sleman dan Padang Pariaman
Abstract
Latar Belakang: Masyarakat, termasuk keluarga, memiliki peran penting dalam proses deteksi, perawatan, dan pemulihan Orang dengan Gangguan Jiwa (ODGJ). Penerimaan dan peran aktif masyarakat menjadi faktor penting dalam mempercepat pemulihan dan mencegah kekambuhan pasien. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menggali informasi terkait persepsi masyarakat terhadap ODGJ dan peran mereka dalam proses perawatan ODGJ.
Metode: Studi dilakukan di Kabupaten Sleman dan Kabupaten Padang Pariaman dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dillakukan melalui wawancara mendalam dengan keluarga dari sembilan ODGJ dan diskusi kelompok terarah dengan tokoh masyarakat di tempat ODGJ tinggal.
Hasil: Persepsi masyarakat terhadap penyebab gangguan jiwa melibatkan banyak faktor seperti kesulitan ekonomi, lingkungan sosial, konflik keluarga, kehilangan keluarga, sihir, faktor genetik, dan ketidakmampuan belajar. Pengobatan tradisional, seperti pengobatan oleh dukun atau tokoh agama, lebih sering dipilih oleh masyarakat. Sementara itu pengobatan medis masih kurang menjadi perhatian masyarakat. Sikap dan perilaku masyarakat terhadap ODGJ sangat beragam yang dipengaruhi oleh stigma. Sebagian ODGJ mendapat penerimaan yang baik dan diberi kesempatan bekerja dan bersosialisasi di tengah masyarakat, namun ada juga yang dipasung karena dianggap membahayakan diri sendiri dan orang lain.
Saran: Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa masih ada kebutuhan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat, pendidikan, dan sistem dukungan kesehatan mental untuk memberikan perawatan komprehensif bagi individu dengan gangguan kesehatan mental. Selain itu, diperlukan strategi untuk mengatasi stigma terhadap gangguan mental guna membangun sistem dukungan sosial yang berperan sebagai pendukung.
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Hanifah, H., Asti, A. D., & Sumarsih, T. (2021). STIGMA MASYARAKAT DAN KONSEP DIRI KELUARGA TERHADAP ORANG DENGAN GANGGUAN JIWA (ODGJ). Prosiding University Research Colloquium, 0(0 SE-Articles), 14–23. http://repository.urecol.org/index.php/proceeding/article/view/1247
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Dewi, E. I., Wuryaningsih, E. W., & Susanto, T. (2020). Stigma Against People with Severe Mental Disorder (PSMD) with Confinement “Pemasungan.” NurseLine Journal, 4(2), 131. https://doi.org/10.19184/nlj.v4i2.13821
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Hald, G. M., Ciprić, A., Sander, S., & Strizzi, J. M. (2022). Anxiety, depression and associated factors among recently divorced individuals. Journal of Mental Health, 31(4), 462–470. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638237.2020.1755022
Hanifah, Dwi Asti, A., & Sumarsih, T. (2021). Stigma Masyarakat dan Konsep Diri Keluarga Terhadap Orang dengan Gangguan Jiwa (ODGJ). The 13th University Research Colloqium 2021, 14–23.
Hanifah, H., Asti, A. D., & Sumarsih, T. (2021). STIGMA MASYARAKAT DAN KONSEP DIRI KELUARGA TERHADAP ORANG DENGAN GANGGUAN JIWA (ODGJ). Prosiding University Research Colloquium, 0(0 SE-Articles), 14–23. http://repository.urecol.org/index.php/proceeding/article/view/1247
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Idstad, M., Torvik, F. A., Borren, I., Rognmo, K., Røysamb, E., & Tambs, K. (2015). Mental distress predicts divorce over 16 years: the HUNT study. BMC Public Health, 15(1), 320. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-1662-0
Ikafa, I., Hack-Polay, D., Walker, J., & Mahmoud, A. B. (2022). African migrants and stress coping strategies in Australia: Implications for social work. International Social Work, 65(6), 1166–1183. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020872820963435
Kpobi, L. N. A., Swartz, L., & Omenyo, C. N. (2019). Traditional herbalists’ methods of treating mental disorders in Ghana. Transcultural Psychiatry, 56(1), 250–266. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363461518802981
Kurniawan, Y., & Sulistyarini, I. (2017). Komunitas Sehati (Sehat Jiwa dan Hati) Sebagai Intervensi Kesehatan Mental Berbasis Masyarakat. INSAN Jurnal Psikologi Dan Kesehatan Mental, 1(2), 112. https://doi.org/10.20473/jpkm.v1i22016.112-124
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Lubis, N., Krisnani, H., & Fedryansyah, M. (2015). Pemahaman Masyarakat Mengenai Gangguan Jiwa Dan Keterbelakangan Mental. Prosiding Penelitian Dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 2(3), 388–394. https://doi.org/10.24198/jppm.v2i3.13588
Marbun, T. P. K., & Santoso, I. (2021). Pentingnya motivasi keluarga dalam menangani Orang dengan Gangguan Jiwa (ODGJ). Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Undiksha, 9(3), 1131–1141.
Marlidani, NI; Fitriani, D. R. (2020). Hubungan Persepsi Dengan Penerimaan Keluarga Terhadap ODGJ Di Poliklinik RSJD Atma Husada Mahakam Samarinda. Borneo Student Research (BSR), 1(3), 1761–1765.
Marthoenis, M., Aichberger, M. C., & Schouler-Ocak, M. (2016). Patterns and Determinants of Treatment Seeking among Previously Untreated Psychotic Patients in Aceh Province, Indonesia: A Qualitative Study. Scientifica, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/9136079
Musyimi, C. W., Mutiso, V. N., Loeffen, L., Krumeich, A., & Ndetei, D. M. (2018). Exploring mental health practice among Traditional health practitioners: a qualitative study in rural Kenya. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 18(1), 334. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-018-2393-4
Okafor, I. P., Oyewale, D. V., Ohazurike, C., & Ogunyemi, A. O. (2022). Role of traditional beliefs in the knowledge and perceptions of mental health and illness amongst rural-dwelling women in western Nigeria. African Journal of Primary Health Care and Family Medicine, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.4102/PHCFM.V14I1.3547
Parera Ignasius, Zainuddin, & Munadhir. (2019). Stigma masyarakat terhadap penderita gangguan jiwa (study kualitatif di wilayah kerja puskesmas kewapante kecamatan kewapante kabupaten sikka provinsi NTT). Journal Health Community Empowerment, 2(October), 80–92.
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Published
2023-12-08
How to Cite
NURAINI, Syarifah et al.
Persepsi Masyarakat Terhadap Orang dengan Gangguan Jiwa: Pengalaman dari Sleman dan Padang Pariaman.
PROSIDING KONFERENSI NASIONAL ILMU KESEHATAN STIKES ADI HUSADA 2023, [S.l.], v. 1, n. 1, p. 7-20, dec. 2023.
ISSN 3031-2582.
Available at: <https://adihusada.ac.id/jurnal/index.php/Prosiding/article/view/488>. Date accessed: 27 dec. 2025.
doi: https://doi.org/10.37036/prosiding.v1i1.488.
Section
Articles
Keywords
Gangguan Mental, ODGJ, Stigma
