ANGKA KEJADIAN DAN FAKTOR RESIKO DOMINAN TERJADINYA PRESSURE ULCER

Abstract

Pressure ulcer adalah masalah yang harus dihadapi pasien dengan penyakit kronis, kelemahan, kelumpuhan dan bahkan ini menjadi penyakit sekunder bagi pasien yang dirawat di rumah sakit. Pressure ulcer adalah suatu kondisi di mana jaringan telah rusak akibat tekanan langsung pada kulit, dan akibat gesekan. Faktor risiko pressure ulcer terdiri dari pergerakan dan pergeseran, mobilitas, kelembaban, nutrisi, usia, merokok, dan aktivitas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis tingkat pressure ulcer dan menganalisis faktor risiko yang paling berpengaruh pada pressure ulcer. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksploratif deskriptif. Penelitian dilakukan di RSUD Tidar Magelang pada Stroke Unit, digunakan teknik total sampling, dengan 49 responden masuk Unit Stroke pada 20 Mei-20 April 2016. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Skala Braden. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan program SPSS dengan tabulasi silang dan analisis regresi linier. Hasilnya menunjukkan 14,3% responden pada tingkat risiko tinggi dan 32,6% pada tingkat risiko rendah dan 53,1%. Faktor risiko yang paling berpengaruh terhadap pressure ulcer adalah persepsi sensorik, kelembaban, pergerakan dan pergeseran iagnose dengan tingkat signifikansi <0,05. Faktor risiko tukak tekanan dapat dicegah dengan memberikan teknik perawatan yang lebih baik dan pemantauan berkala terhadap pasien, sehingga kualitas perawatan pasien dan pasien di rumah sakit dapat sesuai dengan kondisi pasien.

Kata kunci: pressure ulcer, faktor resiko, level resiko

ABSTRACT

Pressure ulcer is a problem that must be faced by patients with chronic diseases, weak condition, paralysis and even this becomes a secondary suffering for patients who are hospitalized. Pressure ulcer is a condition where tissue has been damaged as a result of direct pressure on the skin, and due to friction. Risk factors for pressure ulcers consists of movement and shifting, mobility, moisture, nutrients, age, smoking, and activity. The purpose of this study was to analyzed the level of risk pressuret ulcer and analyze the risk factors which most influence on pressure ulcers. This research was a descriptive exploratory research. The research was conducted in RSUD Tidar Magelang at the Stroke Unit, used total sampling technique, with 49 respondents who entered Stroke Unit on May 20 -20 April 2016. The instrument used in this study using a Braden Scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS program with cross tabulation and linear regression analysis. The results showed 14.3% of respondents at a high risk level and 32.6% at a low risk level and 53.1% were. The risk factors that most influence on pressure ulcer that sensory perception, moisture, nutrient movement and shifting with the level of significance <0,05. Risk factors for pressure ulcers can be prevented by providing better treatment techniques and periodic monitoring of the patient, so that the quality of patient care and the patient in the hospital can be in accordance with the patient’s condition.

Keywords: pressure ulcer, risk factors, the risk level

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