The Effect of a Combination of Warm Water Foot Baths and Lavender Essential Oil Aromatherapy on Sleep Quality in Adult Hypertension
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the deadliest diseases in the world that can attack anyone, both young and old. Hypertension sufferers have poorer sleep quality compared to those with normal blood pressure. This research is a quantitative research using a Quasi-Experimental Design. This research aimed to determine the effect of a combination of warm water foot baths and lavender essential oil aromatherapy on sleep quality in adults with hypertension. Wilcoxon test results (p = 0.004), which means that there is an effect of combination therapy with warm water foot baths and lavender essential oil aromatherapy on the sleep quality of adults with hypertension. The feet have many thermoreceptors and a high density of capillaries. Soaking your feet in warm water can help prepare the body for sleep naturally and quickly trigger peripheral vasodilation. There are two main ways to apply aromatherapy: topically and through inhalation. Lavender essential oil is said to activate the limbic system, especially the hippocampus and amygdala. Combining warm foot baths with aromatherapy would be a rational approach to the management of sleep disorders in adult patients with hypertension.
References
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Zhou, B., Perel, P., Mensah, G. A., & Ezzati, M. (2021). Global epidemiology, health burden and effective interventions for elevated blood pressure and hypertension. Nature Reviews Cardiology, 18(11), 785–802. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41569-021-00559-8
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Fadlilah, S., Amestiasih, T., Pebrianda, B., & Lanni, F. (2021). Terapi Komplementer Kombinasi Rendam Kaki Air Hangat dan Aromaterapi Lemon dalam Menurunkan Tekanan Darah. Faletehan Health Journal, 8(02), 84–91. https://doi.org/10.33746/fhj.v8i02.262
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Forouzanfar, M. H., Liu, P., Roth, G. A., Ng, M., Biryukov, S., Marczak, L., Alexander, L., Estep, K., Hassen Abate, K., Akinyemiju, T. F., Ali, R., Alvis-Guzman, N., Azzopardi, P., Banerjee, A., Bärnighausen, T., Basu, A., Bekele, T., Bennett, D. A., Biadgilign, S., … Murray, C. J. L. (2017). Global Burden of Hypertension and Systolic Blood Pressure of at Least 110 to 115 mm Hg, 1990-2015. JAMA, 317(2), 165. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.19043
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2019). Laporan Nasional Riskesdas 2018.
Khasanah, K., & Wahyu, H. (2017). Kualitas tidur Lansia Balai Rehabilitasi Sosial “MANDIRI.” Journal Nursing Studies, 1.
Krueger, J. M., Frank, M. G., Wisor, J. P., & Roy, S. (2016). Sleep function: Toward elucidating an enigma. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 28, 46–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2015.08.005
Kurniadi, I., Utomo, W., & Sabrian, F. (2022). Pengaruh Rendaman Kaki Dengan Air Hangat Dan Aroma. Jurnal Ners Indonesia, 12(2), 186–195.
L. Azmi, N. Yuliadarwati, K. U. et al. (2017). Pengaruh Terapi Rendam Kaki Air Hangat Dan Massage Terhadap. Pengaruh Terapi Rendam Kaki Air Hangat Dan Massage Terhadap Kualitas Tidur Komunitas Lanisa Di Kelurahan Tunjungsekar, 69–75.
Li, H., Ren, Y., Wu, Y., & Zhao, X. (2019). Correlation between sleep duration and hypertension: a dose-response meta-analysis. Journal of Human Hypertension, 33(3), 218–228. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41371-018-0135-1
Lo K, Woo B, Martin BN, W., & W. (2017). Subjective sleep quality, blood pressure, and hypertension : a meta-analysis. 1–14.
Magalhães, P., Pereira, B., Oliveira, A., Santos, D., Núñez, J. C., & Rosário, P. (2021). The Mediator Role of Routines on the Relationship between General Procrastination, Academic Procrastination and Perceived Importance of Sleep and Bedtime Procrastination. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(15), 7796. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18157796
Mariani, D., Muzasti, R. A., & Thamrin, A. (2019). The Relationship Between Quality of Sleep and Quality of Life of Patients in Medan, Indonesia. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 7(11), 1794–1797. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.353
Nuary, A. A., & Triyanto, E. (2022). Efektivitas Warm Water Footbath dan Aromatherapy Terhadap Kualitas Tidur Lansia: Systematic Review. Jurnal Keperawatan Klinis Dan Komunitas, 6(2), 125. https://doi.org/10.22146/jkkk.75759
Nugroho, F. P. A., Widiharti, W., Suminar, E., & Fitrianur, W. L. (2023). The Use Of Soaking Warm Water For Blood Pressure Reduction In Elderly Y Hypertensive Patients. Indonesian Nursing Journal of Education and Clinic (INJEC), 8(2), 281–292. https://doi.org/10.24990/injec.v8i2.601
Ohayon, M., Wickwire, E. M., Hirshkowitz, M., Albert, S. M., Avidan, A., Daly, F. J., Dauvilliers, Y., Ferri, R., Fung, C., Gozal, D., Hazen, N., Krystal, A., Lichstein, K., Mallampalli, M., Plazzi, G., Rawding, R., Scheer, F. A., Somers, V., & Vitiello, M. V. (2017). National Sleep Foundation’s sleep quality recommendations: first report. Sleep Health, 3(1), 6–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2016.11.006
Oliveira‐Silva, L., Peçanha, T., Fecchio, R. Y., Rezende, R. A., Abreu, A., Silva, G., Mion‐Junior, D., Cipolla‐Neto, J., Forjaz, C. L. M., & Brito, L. C. (2020). Poor sleep quality is associated with cardiac autonomic dysfunction in treated hypertensive men. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension, 22(8), 1484–1490. https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.13949
Olsen, M. H., Angell, S. Y., Asma, S., Boutouyrie, P., Burger, D., Chirinos, J. A., Damasceno, A., Delles, C., Gimenez-Roqueplo, A.-P., Hering, D., López-Jaramillo, P., Martinez, F., Perkovic, V., Rietzschel, E. R., Schillaci, G., Schutte, A. E., Scuteri, A., Sharman, J. E., Wachtell, K., & Wang, J. G. (2016). A call to action and a life course strategy to address the global burden of raised blood pressure on current and future generations: the Lancet Commission on hypertension. The Lancet, 388(10060), 2665–2712. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31134-5
Park, B. K. (2020). The Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Associated Factors in Middle-school Students: A Cross-sectional Study. Child Health Nursing Research, 26(1), 55–63. https://doi.org/10.4094/chnr.2020.26.1.55
Puravath, F., & Bhargava, S. (2023). Sleep disorders in adolescents. Encyclopedia of Child and Adolescent Health, First Edition, 1(May 2020), 1034–1040. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818872-9.00097-2
Puspawati, N. L. P. D., Ari Santi, N. K., & Saraswati, N. L. G. I. (2021). The Effect of Foot Massage with Lavender Essential Oil on The Sleep Quality of The Elderly in Banjar Gelumpang, Sukawati Village. Basic and Applied Nursing Research Journal, 2(2), 47–51. https://doi.org/10.11594/banrj.02.02.03
Riemann, D., Krone, L. B., Wulff, K., & Nissen, C. (2020). Sleep, insomnia, and depression. Neuropsychopharmacology, 45(1), 74–89. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-019-0411-y
Rustam, J. S., & Chaidir, R. (2023). Environmental Factors as Sleep Disturbance on Critically Ill Patients in Intensive Care Units (ICU): A Cross-Sectional Study. NurseLine Journal, 8(2), 127. https://doi.org/10.19184/nlj.v8i2.39150
Sari, O. I., Hartutik, S., & Yuningsih, D. (2021). Penerapan Isometrik Handgrip Exercise Dan Aromaterapi Lavender Terhadap Tekanan Darah Lansia Hipertensi Di RSUD Karanganyar.
Sejbuk, M., Mirończuk-Chodakowska, I., & Witkowska, A. M. (2022). Sleep Quality: A Narrative Review on Nutrition, Stimulants, and Physical Activity as Important Factors. Nutrients, 14(9), 1912. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14091912
Stanaway J, Abbafati, C., Abbasi, N., Abbastabar, H., Abd-Allah, F., Abdela, J., Abera, S. F., Abil, O. Z., Abraha, H. N., Abraham, A. R., Abu-Raddad, L. J., Abu-Rmeileh, N. M., Accrombessi, M. M. K., Acharya, D., Acharya, P., Adamu, A. A., Adane, A. A., Adebayo, O. M., Adedoyin, R. A., … Murray, C. J. L. (2018). Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioral, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet, 392(10159), 1923–1994. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32225-6
Uslu, Y., Akbayrak, H., Kuytak Ortahisar, B., & Barak, T. H. (2024). The effect of lavender foot baths on postoperative pain and sleep quality in comparison with foot baths with warm water only—A prospective randomized controlled study. EXPLORE, 20(3), 385–391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.explore.2023.10.003
Van Ryswyk, E., Mukherjee, S., Chai-Coetzer, C. L., Vakulin, A., & Mcevoy, R. D. (2018). Sleep disorders, including sleep apnea and hypertension. American Journal of Hypertension, 31(8), 857–864. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajh/hpy082
Yang, Z., Heizhati, M., Wang, L., Li, M., Pan, F., Wang, Z., Abudureyimu, R., Hong, J., Yao, L., Yang, W., Liu, S., & Li, N. (2021). Subjective Poor Sleep Quality is Associated with Higher Blood Pressure and Prevalent Hypertension in General Population Independent of Sleep Disordered Breathing. Nature and Science of Sleep, Volume 13, 1759–1770. https://doi.org/10.2147/NSS.S329024
Yuan, Y., Heizhati, M., Wang, L., Li, M., Lin, M., Gan, L., Cai, X., Yang, W., Yao, L., Wang, Z., Abudereyimu, R., & Li, N. (2021). Poor sleep quality is associated with new-onset hypertension in a diverse young and middle-aged population. Sleep Medicine, 88, 189–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2021.10.021
Zhou, B., Perel, P., Mensah, G. A., & Ezzati, M. (2021). Global epidemiology, health burden and effective interventions for elevated blood pressure and hypertension. Nature Reviews Cardiology, 18(11), 785–802. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41569-021-00559-8
Published
2024-05-30
How to Cite
FAJRIYAH, Novita et al.
The Effect of a Combination of Warm Water Foot Baths and Lavender Essential Oil Aromatherapy on Sleep Quality in Adult Hypertension.
Adi Husada Nursing Journal, [S.l.], v. 10, n. 1, p. 48-58, may 2024.
ISSN 2502-2083.
Available at: <https://adihusada.ac.id/jurnal/index.php/AHNJ/article/view/532>. Date accessed: 28 sep. 2025.
doi: https://doi.org/10.37036/ahnj.v10i1.532.
Section
Articles
Keywords
Hypertension, Lavender Essential Oil Aromatherapy, Sleep Quality, Warm Water Foot Baths
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
